The sample period is a measure of how dense information about the memory access patterns of the application is captured by Freja when sampling an application. A lower sample period means capturing more information. Freja automatically adapts the sample period to the application being run, so there is usually no need to care about the sample period.
However, for applications that run for a very short time, a few seconds or less, you may need to manually decrease the sample period. For applications that run for a long time there may also be some performance to be gained from increasing the sample period. See Section 2.4.4.1, “Tuning the Sample Period”.